Privately owned island

With multiple development potential

conveniently located on the

west coast of India.

 

Piram Island

District - Bhavnagar 364 002,

 Gujarat State - India

 

Piram Island (Kalpdweep)

According to Indian Mythology, there was a Kalpadhenu a cow as well as Kalpvruksha a tree that granted ones wishes from which the word "Kalpsar" was derived, a multi purpose, mega project with an estimated layout of Rs. 55000 corers, for creating a fresh water lake in the gulf of Khambhat  "Kalpdhenu", "Kalpvruksha" and "Kalpsar" are the combination of two word in which the word "Kalp" is common, dhenu means a cow, vruksha means a tree and "sar" means sarovar (lake).

Kalpdweep is also combination of two words Kalpa and dweep. Kalp means wishes and dweep means an island and when combined means an island, which will grant innumerable wishes.

The value of the land: The value of the land is more dependants on its business potential rather than its farming yield. In farming the ploughing, sowing, fertilizers, pesticides, labour, investment and maintenance is extremely costly.

Secondly, there is a persistent water and electricity shortage.

Thirdly, the prices are determined and there is no such profitable return from subsistence farming.

The same farmland area (if viable) converted to industrial use it will get more price, but the same land if converted into residential plots it will get even more price, whereas, if the same land is converted to commercial purposes it will get much more price than residential plots also.

There are two examples of this:

In the state of Gujarat there is a village known as Alang situated on the seacoast in Bhavnagar district. It used to be such a village where people were not ready to pay even as little as Rs 1000 per acre but now a mere auction has risen up to Rs. 1.29 crore for just one-third acre after being converted to ship breaking-yards. Where the money paid is just for the use of the land and not as rent or free- hold land which belongs to the Gujarat Maritime Board.

The other example is in the U.S.A state of Nevada, there is a city called Las Vegas world famous for its casinos, which has sprung up in the desert and is America's fastest growing city and conventional capital. Its population doubled in size in the last decade from six million to twelve million with barely twenty percent of the population being local Nevadans.  It boasts of nine of the country's (U.S.A) largest hotels and the biggest hotel in the world. This is due to the constant demand for casino gambling and a huge profit margin has increased the demand for land.

The value of the land depends on the potentiality of the businesses that can flourish upon it. There are many factors that boost the potentiality of business some of which are: Location, monopoly, security, privacy, infrastructure, market, government incentives etc. Piram has most of them at their best.

Piram business and commercial potential:

1.     The excellent location for exploiting Tourism

2.     Diamonds and Jewellery

3.     Millennium Township

4.     Residential-cum-Commercial Town-ship for NRIs only

5.     Casino

6.     Free Trade and Duty Free Shopping Zone

7.     Information, Communication and Entertainment

8.     Shipping related Services

9.     Aviation

10.    Agriculture

11.    Business Houses

12.    Super Exclusive Convention Center for Business and -Industry

13.    Super Exclusive Club of international Standard

14.    Educational Institute and Training Center

15.    Exclusive Institute for Cosmetic Therapy

16.    Naturopathy and Meditation Facilities

17.    Tapping the Natural Resources

18.    Religious Centre

19.    Business Headquarter

20     Overseas Bank
 


Piram is the best and ideal place for more then 20 main potential businesses and over 100 sub businesses that can flourish upon it, some of them are:

Tourism: 

1.       Wildlife Tourism

2.       Heritage Tourism

3.       Holistic Tourism

4.       Eco Tourism

5.       Medical Tourism

6.       Cultural Tourism

7.       Adventure Tourism

8.       Business Tourism

9.       Agri-Tourism

10.     Entertainment Park

11.     Theme Park

12.     Herbal Park

13.     Water Park

14.     Ice Park

15.     Children's Park

16.     Conventional Center

17.     Shopping Center

18.     Sports Center

19.     Jungle Resort

20.     Health Resort

21.     Science City

22.     Casino

23.     Motel

24.     Virtual Reality Park

25.     Timeshare

 

Diamond and Jewellery Park 

26.     Diamond

27.     Gold

28.     Silver

29.     Culture Pearl

30.     Jewellery

 

Casino: 

31.     Cards

32.     Poker

33.     Roulette

34.     Money wheels

35.     Poke plus

36.     Slot machines

37.     Horse race

38.     Lottery

39.     Online lottery

40.     Net gambling 

 

Aviation: 

41.     Aviation

42.     Aviation training institute

43.     Chartered services 

 

Information Communication and Entertainment: (I.C.E) 

44.     Earth Station

45.     Uplink Station

46.     Videoconference

47.     FM bends

48.     Courier

49.     Film Training Institute

50.     Film studio

51.     TV Programming

52.     Animation

53.     Music

54.     Advertisement

55.     Live Entertainment

56.     Out-sourcing

57.    Free trade and duty free shopping 

58.    Super Exclusive Club of International Standard

 

Township 

59.     Integrated Township

60.     NRI’s Township

61.     Township for Billionaire’s only

62.     Township for celebrities only 

 

Shipping: 

63.     Private port

64.     Shipping services

65.     Warehouses

66.     Naval training institute

67.     Shipbuilding

68.     Ship Re-building, repairing etc 

 

Tapping the natural resources: 

69.     Solar Park

70.     Wind farm

71.     Tidal Park

72.     Biomass gasification

73.     Ocean Thermal Energy Conversing Equipment

74.     Oil exploration

75.     Storages of Oil & gasses 

 

 Business Houses 

76.     Super Exclusive Convention Center for Business and Industry

77.     Apparel Park

78.     Pharmaceutical Park 

79.    Educational Institute and Training Center

80.    Exclusive Institute for Cosmetic Therapy

81.    Naturopathy and Meditation Center

82.    Overseas Bank

 

Agriculture:

 83.     Agri-clinic

84.     Tissue-culture

85.     Horticulture

86.     Floriculture

87.     Organic farming

88.     Hybrid seeds

89.     Algae

90.     Aqua-culture

91.     Mini zoo

92.     Animal husbandry

93.     Food processing

94.     Indoor and outdoor nursery

95.     Herbal Park

96.     Botanical Park

97.     Bonsai Park

98.     Bamboo Park

99.     Cactus Park 

100. R & D Centre 

101. Export house
 

'Residential cum Business and Commercial Township'

The greatest achievement so far for India at the beginning of the 21st century is the turning of the NRI back to the motherland. Whereas during last 30-40 years, many Indians left India in search of better job and business opportunity, they are coming back to a motherland where earlier professionals had left due to corruption, licensing, controls and beauracracy, the winds of time are changing being attracted by new opportunities and the wish to do 'something' for their motherland. This is a good omen for India.

Almost all human beings have an affinity to their motherland so it is no surprise that NRIs have a sense of pride in being of Indian origin. Governments of different nations have formed policies which include deriving advantages to be taken from their people living abroad, whether that is the land of domicile or not. In spite of Israel being a comparatively small country, it derives business advantages from Jews all over the world. Jews are well known for their patriotism, business acumen, intellect as well as industriousness all over the world. Israel gives many incentives as well as political backing to Jews residing out of Israel, and takes advantage thereof. Non-resident Chinese are very advanced in this field and have a major hand in the development of China. Non-resident Chinese have deposited $ 45 billion when they were invited by the government of China.

The first consideration of a country's super power is its economy followed by its army and armaments. Today it is the aim of every nation to have a sound economy with galloping foreign investment horizons in academic provisions sees no bound. Perfect infrastructure facilities like roads, railways, airports, ports, electricity, water, education will ensure perfect business and maximum employment. Indian Diaspora has taken this into serious consideration. Business, industry, venture capital, information technology, management consultancy, consumer service retailing, media, advertising, entertainment are the fields that need worldwide exposure which may be made smooth with NRI help.

Today there are approximately 20 million NRIs residing in one-third of the world's countries (almost in120 countries). According to one estimate the total yearly income of NRIs is approximately Rs 19,40,000 crore ($ 440 billion), which is 3 times, the Indian G.D.P. NRIs have used their entrepreneurial skills and have fully utilized capabilities in which they have been highly successful. It is estimated that the total income of all the NRIs is 25 times more than the annual budget of the Gujarat government and twice the annual income of the Indian government. NRIs are earning annually an income, which is equal to the total budget of the Central government as well as the entire 28 States government budget of India.

Their median income of Indian American is $ 60,000 (as against the general American one, about $39,000), the magazine says. "They boast something like 2,00,000 millionaires. They are extraordinarily educated, leaders in many professions. They include about 40,000 doctors, 45,000 engineer a staggering figure to which you can add about 12,000 medical students and interns. In short, this is a group of American super achievers. Americans of Indian origin are the most upcoming among all the ethnic groups in America, and after 1990, a record of 108% development among them is recorded In the last decade income has increased up to $ 217 billion meaning a rise of 117%.

There are 1000 NRI professionals in the Silicon Valley either employed or who own their business and whose annual income is 40 billion dollars. NRls have achieved an economic strength and have made India proud of their achievements. Some NRIs have even progressed politically like in Mauritius, Guyana, Fiji, and Surinam etc. where they have managed to rise to the topmost post of Presidency, which is no small feat. When Indians left during the decades, India was not economically sound

'Touchdown Media' a company in America is widely consulted by Indian owned corporations in the US. According to president of Touchdown Media, Rahul Walia, the purchasing power of American NRIs is increasing on a daily basis due to which entrepreneurs have got an opportunity to expand their business globally. "Indian Americans are entrepreneurial, hard-working, striving, traditionalist, family ­oriented, religious, assimilationist, patriotic what could be better?" It would be a golden opportunity for Indian businessmen because generally Indian American prefers to purchase quality product from Indian as well as which is made in India.

Asian American Hotel Owner’s Association (AAHOA), a premier Asian advocacy group with 9,000 members, combined worth of $40 billions, 90 percent of which are Gujarati. Gujarati-owned Hotels-Motels (21,000 of the 53,000) make for a staggering 42 % of the US hospitality market. Indian American hoteliers pay $ 700 million in taxes every year and create more than one million jobs.

There are 20 million (2 crore) NRIs all over the world, most of whom are in the U.S. (3 million) 4 lakhs in California; 3 lakhs in New York; 2.5 lakhs in New Jersey and 11akh in another dozen states of OSA; Europe (2.5 million); Nepal (4 million); South Africa (1.5 million); England (1.6 million); West Asian countries (1.2 million); Canada (1 million); Malaysia (1.5 million); Sri Lanka (1 million).

In "little India" magazine published in New Jersey there was recently an article which read that there are 27% Gujarat is in the States who speak Gujarati at home, eat Gujarati food and shop from an Indian grocery store, celebrate all festivals and 70% go to the temple everyday and marriages are performed as per the Hindu marriage rites which shows just how deep the roots run!

Developing countries, including India, are benefiting enormously from the migration of their workforce and the resulting foreign exchanger remittances, a new World Bank study has said. In fact, India is among the biggest beneficiary of this trend, World Bank's Global Economic Prospects (GEP) for 2006, the central theme of which is migration and remittances, has reported. Officially recorded remittances worldwide exceeded $232 billion in 2005, with India receiving almost ten per cent of the amount ($21.7 billion). China came in second with $21.3 billion, followed by Mexico ($18.1 billion), France ($12.7 billion) and the-Philippines ($11.6 billion).

India has surged ahead of the G-8 economies including former Powerhouses Japan and Germany, its nearest rival China and Europe's ‘Celtic Tiger' Ireland, in a global survey of business confidence seen to mark a seismic shift in the way world economic power is sliding eastwards. India's lead comes for the first time ever in the annual four-year-old survey by Grant Thornton International.

Graeme Forbes, a partner of Grant Thornton told TOI that the survey, car­ried out among more than 7,000 owners of medium­-sized businesses from 30 countries last autumn 2005 gave Indians the right to be bullish about the future.

The survey, which canvassed a mixed bag of domestic and foreign business owners in every country, underlined a startling optimism on the Indian front. The survey says the most optimistic business           owners of all - for the third year - are in India with an optimism/pessimism balance of +93, a relentlessly upward surge from + 88 in 2004, +83 in 2003 and +25 in 2002. India's score is a dra­matic contrast to the slump in US business con­fidence, which comes in at +32, less than half what it was in 2004. In China, said Forbes, the score was +77. "It's not all that far behind India,” cautioned Forbes but yes, it does indicate that the bullish mood in India takes it "right to the top of the tree".

India is already the world's fourth largest economy, just behind Japan but considerably behind the Big Two-the US and China. It wins certainly over take Japan by the end of this decade. This is based on GDP measured in terms of what economists call purchasing power parity (PPP). During the first 4 years of the 21st century.

India has attained unparalleled success in economic stability. India has managed to reach levels prescribed by economists as parameters of macro-economic stability, which has astonished the whole world. This is evident from the figures shown in the interim budget.

India's foreign reserves amount to 130 billion dollars and the economy is advancing at the rate of 6-8% GDP growth, which is more than twice the average world growth. Instead of taking grants and loans from outside, India is now offering loans and is counted as a creditor country in the IMF (International monetary fund).

The globalisation has led to doing away with the bottleneck of beauracracy and laws have been improvised and those laws which curtailed foreign exchange movement have been abolished during the past few years the effect of which is showing now leading to a world class infrastructure and communication network being set up. This has led to a favourable condition where NRIs would be encouraged to invest in this current situation.

India is to emerge in the 21st century as a developed nation and economic superpower the responsibility of which also lies upon the shoulders of our NRI brothers. India is now market friendly and the government has taken a lot of steps for NRI. The Central government declared an NRI tourism day on 9th January the day that Gandhiji returned to India from South Africa.

The NRIs have no reason whatsoever to complain as India is marching forward as a world-class economy. Multi national companies have entered India with Indians at the helm and high-powered positions. The India that the NRIs had left is not the same which is the reason that the NRI should act as a catalyst to boost India's image as a world economy. In India currently there is a total of 23 billion dollars deposited in Banks by NRIs of which 12 billion dollars have been deposited during the last four years. The annual $ 440 billion dollars earned need not be fully invested but only a fraction of 5% or 10% of that income if invested in India will lead to a development income generated of $ 22 - 44 billion dollars.

India offers the highest returns with among the lowest risks of any market in the world. India is on a high that will last for the next 20 years. NRIs have already invested more than $ 2 billion into India. Even more can come. There will be a downturn, a year from now; two years from now; who knows when, but it will happen. The Indian market will outperform the rest of the world over the next 20 resources. Indian Diaspora has taken into serious consideration that NRIs should be included in the development of the nation as one of the main resources.

India has approved a lot of NRI demands and made a provisions thereof and recently also allowed dual citizenship to promote NRI funding and are allowing NRIs to open their accounts in foreign exchange as well as in rupees. And these deposits are free of tax. They can invest money in shares; stocks, bonds as well as property which when sold the proceeds can be repatriated. While in India there is no restriction in shopping for jewellery or investment in equity i.e. shares and stock. There is also no law requiring them to declare any jewellery brought by them from outside. NRIs are now also permitted to take over Indian companies. Besides, the government has made it easier for the NRI to invest in India by availing the Single Window Clearance System.

Non Resident Indians (NRIs) have put forward a proposal of investing 2.7 billion US $ (Rs 120 billion approx.) in real estate according to a report. NRIs have shown a keen interest to invest for the progress of their "Motherland" and up to now about 250 lakhs NRIs were ready to invest in real estate business, but could not due to government restrictions but now, all the hurdles have been ruled out by implementing new Single Window Clearance System.

If Dubai, population of hardly 1.5 million people can create world class Residential cum Business and Commercial Townships by reclaiming the sea (The Palm Jabel Ali, The Palm Jumeraih, The Palm Deira, The World, The Pearl, etc) why can't India a population of more than 1000 million plus 20 million population of NRIs can create such type of Town-Ship. It would be far more viable and potential because of the population, production, cheap labour, etc. India offers the highest returns with among the lowest risks of any market in the world. It is a well-known fact that if a combination of cheap man-hours and expertise is required, India is the perfect place for it. China has the world's best metallurgical expertise; Indonesia has cheap labour; Russian laborers are highly educated but a combination of these factors is found only in India.

Gujarat has also put a positive step forward in this direction. Recently the Gujarat government announced in its Industrial policy 2003 an intention to establish "NRI Investment Trust Bank". The demand of the day is that NRIs should come forward to cheer India as a global player in International power games.

"Business means Gujarat, Gujarat means business". When we talk about business, the name of Gujarat naturally comes to mind. Gujarat knows what a business is and is serious about business.

If it is no exaggeration - no other state understands business better than Gujarat. Even father-son relation is built on business when it is business. Not for nothing, it is said: "In Gujarat, every house is a shop or a workshop."

The spirit of Gujarat is the spirit of enterprises. Gujarat has been the growth engine of the national economy. All this was possible because the state took major initiatives in infrastructure development like roads, ports, storage, telecom facilities, markets, computers, electricity, and most importantly water. In all these sub-sectors, the desired degree of success was achieved through encouraging the private sector by facilitating their operations.

Though positive steps have been taken by the government of India, more steps are essential which can lead to favaurable conditions where NRIs would be encouraged maximize investment. One of them is Residential cum Business and Commercial Township for NRIs only (NRIs Township). This type of Township should come under Special Economic Zone, Duty-Free Zone, permit for Casinos, Permit Bars, etc. This can be a miraculous feat.

 

Non Resident Indians (NRIs) have put forward a proposal of investing 2.7 billion US $ (Rs 120 billion approx.) in real estate according to a report. If only 5% of this proposal is invested in Piram Island it would generate Rs 6 billion  (Rs 600 crore), which is sufficient to create one the best 'Residential cum Business and Commercial Township' of India.

NRIs have shown a keen interest to invest for the progress of their "Motherland" and up to now about 250 lakhs NRIs were ready to invest in real estate business. If only 5% of 2.5 lakh NRIs (12,500) who are interested to invest in real estate business can generate 250 crore by investing in ownership of house, fractional ownership (ownership sharing) of house or by taking a time-sharing in "Township for NRIs only."

 

NRI Township cum Exclusive Resort

  • India's first planned island city in history of India for NRls only

  • Total area - 40,00,000 square yards

  • Green and Open Area - 95% forever

  • NRI Investment Trust Bank

  • Super exclusive 'Export-House"

  • Information-Technology Park

  • International Call Centre

  • Pleasant and comfortable climatic conditions throughout the year

  • 2 artificial lagoons and 2 lakes

  • Hydro polis undersea hotel

  • Oceano-Aquarium in one of the lagoon

  • 100% pollution-free environment

  • Exclusive Shopping Centre of international standard

  • Exclusive Marriage-Hall

  • Almost 1,000 Pent-houses in two '7 Star Cruise Liners"

  • A Super Specialty 90 - bed hospital

  • ICSE School & Crèche for NRls only

  • Stud farm and Racecourse

  • Casino for NRls and foreigners only

  • Day-Night PGA approved 18-hole championship Golf Course.

  • Foolproof   multi-level   security   with   both   manned   (C.I.S.F.) and electronic security systems

  • Water transport facilities like Hovercrafts, yatch, cata-marines speedboats, water scooters etc.

  • World-class infrastructure comprising business facilities, seamless connectivity, air and water transport facilities

  • Day & night air transport facilities with Instrument landing System in '0’ visibility (CA T- IIIC operations)

  • Certified to ISO-14001 standards for environmental management systems SA-8001 for social accountability & OHSAS-18001 for occupational health  & safety management systems

  • Nature Parks, Rare birds, Teeming flowers and Variegated Plant Specie, more than 50 avenues of recreation like adventure sports, water sports premium clubs, discotheque, open air theatre, lagoons, oceano-aquarium snow theme parks, wave pools, planetarium, cabanas, botanical garden bonsai park, rock garden, miniature park, pubs, picnic spots, food court horror park, children's park, sculpture park and a host of other entertainment avenues with probably one of the best sports academy in the country.


 



1. 7 Star Passenger Ship
2. 7 Star Passenger Ship
3. Race Course
4. Light House
5. Fresh Water Lagoon
6. Salt Water Lagoon

A FLOATING CITY

Almost massive floating city with, a discotheque, a cinema room, a video game parlour, a library, a shopping arcade, and a large number of restaurants and bars. A floating city with 13 decks is the mega cruise liner Superstar Virgo that is stated to be one of the ten largest ships in the world. This ship belongs to Star Cruises, which is based in Singapore. It comprises nearly 1000 cabins of various types. The restaurants cater to different nationalities and the first cruise ship in the world to feature an Indian restaurant with chefs from Mumbai. This is also a special section for children and infants. The ships are equipped with nine lifts. The overall length of the ship is 268.60 metres, its dead-weight is 6000 tonnes, the total weight of the paints used in the ship is 220 tonnes, the total length of the cable which have been laid for various purposes is 1978 kilometers and the length of the pipes installed is 150 kilometers. The ship travels at a speed of more than   24 knots. Luxury liners are available in international market whose sea worthiness is the verge of expiry.

 


 

Most probably they are sold for scrapping (ship breaking). This type of ship can be purchased and converted into hotel or town-ship.

It is possible to start quickly and economically, by docking refurbished passenger ship in the lagoon. This may be reached by a cable car or an under water gallery made by transparent walls in the lagoon. This may be reached by a cable car or an under water gallery made by transparent walls.

Once the ship is docked, the machinery can be removed and sold since it is not used for voyages anymore, which will increase the availability of space and the sale of those parts which are not needed will recover about 40 to 50 percent of the money spent on purchase of the ship.



 

Dinner with shark




 

NRI Investment Trust Bank 

Today there are approximately 20 minion NRIs residing in one-third of the world's countries (almost in 120 countries). According to one estimate the total yearly income of NRIs is approximately Rs 19,40,000 crore ($ 440 billion), which is 3 times, the Indian G.D.P. NRIs have used their entrepreneurial skills and have fully utilized capabilities in which they have been highly successful. It is estimated that the total income of all the NRIs is 25 times more than the annual budget of the Gujarat government and twice the annual income of the Indian government. NRIs are earning annually an income, which is equal to the total budget of the Central government as well as the entire 28 States government budget of India.

The greatest achievement so far for India at the beginning of the 21st century is the turning of the NRIs back to the motherland. The winds of time are changing being attracted by new opportunities and the wish to do ‘something’ for their motherland. This is a good omen for India. Almost all human beings have an affinity to their motherland so it is no surprise that NRIs have a sense of pride in being of Indian origin. Governments of different nations have formed policies which include deriving advantages to be taken from their people living abroad, whether that is the land of domicile or not.

India is to emerge in the 21st century as a developed nation and economic superpower the responsibility of which also ties upon the shoulders of our NRIs brothers. India is now market friendly and the government has taken a lot of steps for NRI. Recently the Gujarat government announced in its Industrial policy 2003 an intention to establish "NRI Investment Trust Bank. The demand of the day is that NRIs should come forward to cheer India as a global player in International power games.

India offers the highest returns with among the lowest risks of any market in the world. India is on a high that will last for the next 20 years. NRIs have already invested more than $ 2 billion into India. Even more can come. There will be a downturn, a year from now; two years from now; who knows when, but it will happen. The Indian market will outperform the rest of the world over the next 20 years. With dawn of the twenty-first century, India's visionary foresight, long term planning, and self-dependence   policies, has strengthened its economy. Now instead of depending on other nations India is taking a positive step on its own resources. Indian Diaspora has taken into serious consideration that NRIs should be included in the development of the nation as one of the main resources. Though positive steps have been taken by the government of India, more steps are essential which can lead to favaurable conditions where NRIs would be encouraged maximize investment.  

Example: 1

Today there are approximately 20 million NRIs residing in one-third of the world's countries (almost in120 countries). According to one estimate the total yearly income of NRIs is approximately Rs 19,40,000 crore ($ 440 billion). If NRIs the world over invests only 5% of their income, within a year with "NRI Investment Trust Bank" they accrue about 22 billion dollars, which will multiply into 110 billion within 5 years as a result our international debt is 110 billion, which can be paid off within 5 years. 

Example: 2

According to one estimate the total yearly income of NRIs is approximately Rs 19,40,000 crore ($ 440 billion). If NRIs the world over invests only .5% of their income, within a year with "NRI Investment Trust Bank" they accrue about Rs 9700 crores which will multiply into Rs 58200 crores within 6 years as a result the mega project like Kalpsar, which takes 6 years to complete, can be done without any government finance. 

The interest earned by NRIs if they deposit with NRI Trust Bank will be more than interest earned when they deposit money with foreign banks, and when the Indian government pays this interest it will be less expensive than loans taken from foreign banks. NRIs will be satisfied by earning more interest and can take pride in supporting the development of their motherland. This can be ca1led a win-win situation. The mega projects such as the "Garland Project" (linking major rivers), "Sagar-Mala" Project (a water transport project), "Sujalam-Sufalam" project (an estimated Rs 6088 crore project for 10 water-starved districts of Gujarat), or any other mega project can be easily carried out with NRI funding.

Overseas Bank

Larger foreign banks, which are operating in India, are expected to seek a greater market share, which would be aided, by benign regulatory attitude towards branch expansions and the easing of investment norms in private sector banks. The proposed option of setting up a subsidiary in India would also help the foreign banks in this regard, said Fitch Ratings.

The rating agency, in a report titled Foreign Banks in India - 2003 Results", Said while foreign banks account for only around 5 percent of total bank deposits and 7 percent of total bank loans in India, they comprise an important part of the banking sector in metropolitan areas. The report looks at the financials of 21 foreign banks that account for 97 per cent of the total assets Weld by foreign banks in India. The four largest foreign banks with full service presence across all products account for over 70 percent of the total assets of all foreign banks in India as at end-March 2003.

Standard Chartered Bank leads the race with 24 per cent of the total assets followed by Citibank at 22 percent, HSBC 18 per cent, ABN Amro Bank 8 per cent and Deutsche Bank at 5 per cent. According to the rating agency, foreign banks have generally enjoyed strong support from their parents. The capital adequacy ratios of most foreign banks in India were above the regulatory minimum level of nine per cent. In the last fiscal HSBC and Standard Chartered received additional capital from their parent amounting to $150 million and $80 million, respectively, following the revision made by RBI in the calculation of Tier-1 capital.

Four smaller banks (Amex, Credit Lyonnais, Credit Agricole and Societe Generale) with low capital adequacy ratios also received capital infusions from their parents. The report added that the asset quality of large foreign banks is better than the average for Indian banks. While loan, quality has been a problem for some medium and small foreign Banks; loan loss coverage ratios are usually high and are supported by the periodic capital infusions by the parent. Fitch added that a locally incorporated subsidiary   would enjoy greater scope for growth through increased freedom in opening branches or acquiring other Indian banks. The new Exim policy would help reduce interest rates on export credit in fact, a senior banker said that the policy had taken the country one step closer to full capital account convertibility. In the policy, the government has exempted banking units operating from Special Economic Zones (SEZ) inside India from maintaining cash reserve ratio and statutory liquidity ratio. These units can mobilise foreign currency funds and lend this currency without maintaining the statutory deposits with the RB1.

The move would certainly help banks reduce the interest rates to units in the SEZs.  As of now, Indian banks give foreign currency loans to exporters at internationally competitive rate linked to London inter Bank Offered Rate. Now, this rate will go down further. In fact, banking units in SEZs would now be virtually foreign branches of Indian banks while being located within the country. The dollar loans are being given at 40 to 50 basis points over LIBOR, which is at around 2.75 percent with this new policy initiative the rates are likely to come down by 10 to 30 basis points.

In the policy, large export houses with good track records. - With the rank of "status holder' - can repatriate their export proceeds in 360 days in stead of the present limit of 180 days. The exporters are also showed to retain their entire export earnings in foreign currencies. This measure dearly exhibited the government's high confidence level thanks to large foreign currency reserves, which has crossed the $90 billion mark. RBI is examining the question of requesting banks to treat at least the status holders as prime borrowers. This would entail the banks to lend to status holders at prime rates, even for term loans. In fact the policy has tried to make the SEZ as the nodal agency to achieve high export growth.


Casino

A constantly increasing demand for casino and a huge profit margin makes this business so fabulous that very few among the many profit-making businesses can compete with it. Some of the examples are Las-Vegas, Nepal and India’s first “Floating- Hotel” (Pride of Goa). A Nasscom study says country’s gamming industry is poised to grow 2500 crore by the end of 2009.

Today it is more varied and estimates show that casinos flourish and for that it is most important to have privacy as well as security. Some of   the world-renowned gambling places have risen from mere towns such as Las Vegas. For casino it is important to have privacy as well as security and Piram is the ideal place for that. In this day and age gambling takes place in several forms the most famous of which are cards, poker, roulette, money wheels, poker plus, slot machines, horse racing and on line lotteries. Fuelled by the explosion of Internet and acceptance of casino gambling as mainstream entertainment worldwide, online gambling is growing at a torrid rate.

Horserace betting is legal in India. It would be much easy to get permission of casino for foreign passport holders; such as in Katmandu (Nepal), Hanoi (Vietnam), Macau (China), Singapore, Malaysia and Dubai were only foreign passport holders are allowed to gamble in foreign currency.

Currently, Goa was the only home to India’s legalized casino but two more legal casinos are being set to come, one in Gangtok (Sikkim) and other in Daman.

The Sikkim government, which has been looking to turn the state into a hotspot, passed the Sikkim Casino Games Act in 2004, making casino operations legal. The country’s biggest real estate developer DLF and hospitality chain Sarovar Hotel & Resort are on course to separately set up the country’s first inland casinos in Sikkim’s capital.

Fiesta Casino, as it will be known, will come up over 52,000 square feet area equipped with 500 electronic slot machines for Poker, Blackjet and Roulette. The 200 room luxury resort will come up over 10 acres of sea facing land. The casino will be leased out to an Indian company holding a gamming license under Gambling Act of Goa, Daman and Diu, 1976.


Diamond, Gold, Silver, Pearl, and Jewellery


Diamond:

The Indian diamond is once again coming to the limelight, this   time with a vengeance. The industry is witnessing a fast recovery with booming exports and increasing profitability, true to the meaning of the slogan "Diamonds are forever". India has emerged as the undisputed leader in the international diamond market, commanding for the first time more than 55 percent of the cake. "The diamond sector has done India proud, as the only segment in which the country enjoys more than 55 percent of the world market share by value, 80 percent in volumes and 90 percent in terms of   pieces. Total gems and jeweler exports from India in 2000-01 were 7.78 billion.

However, things changed with the exports of precious metals to the US resumed around 12 percent overall up to March this year. The first quarter of this year saw a growth of over 25 percent in exports to the US and other European countries. Moreover following the slump in the US, many local exporters started exploring export potential in Europe and West Asia and there have been some trade transactions.

Moreover, following abolition of 6.5 percent customs duty by the US on imported precious metal for a period of five years up to 2006, the exports from the diamond city could go up to Rs 50,000 crore per annum.

Gold:

For the first time in India a new opportunity is presenting itself for investment with world-class players now joining hands to develop the market. The magic sector is gold. Thanks to the new gold deposit scheme and other changes which are now underway, gold holdings, estimated to be anywhere between 10,000 metric tonnes to 30,000 metric tonnes will increasingly be put to productive use. This averages to an investment pool of about Rs. 9000 billion. With even a fraction of this coming into the market, huge volumes of precious metals will be brought and sold; recycled and refined and also traded and invested.  India's appetite for gold continued unabated. India continues to be the largest and fastest growing gold market in the world, requiring around 2.3 metric tonnes gold. Today, even if only smuggled and recycled gold is taken as the opportunity window, a local refinery would have a ready business for refining and recycling to the tune of about 245 tones. At a reckoning of Rs  6000 per 10 grams or Rs 60 crore per tonne, this creates a ready market opportunity of Rs. 1460 billion (Rs. 1460 crore). This opportunity can be utilised better if international quality gold refining (gold of 999.9 fineness) is available locally.

Silver: 

Silver refining capacity in this country is also minuscule and not on par with international standards. Today, even recycled silver is taken, as the opportunity window a local refinery would have a ready market of Import of silver is restricted - which translated into higher landed costs. A local refinery can tap into this market with each because the   internationally accepted hallmarking collaborators who would provide 99.9% purity will certify purity levels.

Pearl:

The sikka-based fisheries research centre of Gujarat Agricultural University has developed a new technique for producing round cultured pearl scientifically, for the first time in the state. The centre has also developed another technique for producing coloured pearls in oysters. Years of research have resulted in this rare achievement.

The centre at Sikka uses the 'clustering' system, developed in house, to produce more real pearl oysters. The nurturing of these pearl oysters required the right temperature, seawater salinity and clear seawater. The temperature and salinity of seawater is suitable at Piram Island. As far as the clarity of water is concerned, this can be solved by either constructing a lagoon or small ponds. 

Jewellery:

Competitive pricing, coupled with good craft-man-ship, has been the key to the overwhelming response from the international Market that attracts attention to the Indian Jeweler industries. "Our designers too have attained international acclaim."

 


Free trade and duty free shopping zone



Following China's footsteps in setting up open economic zones, the government is toying with the idea of "economic cities" with no restriction on the import and export of goods; even for those meant for   consumption. According to initial plans for the identified cities, free imports would be allowed for goods used for consumption and production activities. However, re-export would attract duties.

China has effectively used its special economic zones (SEZs) and open cities since it began the opening-up process in 1980. It opened SEZs in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen, and declared the entire province of Hainan an SEZ. In 1984, it opened 14 coastal cities to overseas investment, a benefit not available to other cities. It then decided to expand the coastal areas and extend the concept of open economic zones with special shops. If you thought the days of Indians returning from abroad with suitcases bursting with foreign goods are over, think again.

Indians who travel abroad are being seen as a sizeable and big spending community. A recent survey by the Singapore Tourism Board on the spending habits of tourists in the island state shows that Indian visitors are by and large the biggest spenders. "An Indian tourist spends two and a half times more than the average visitors from any other country," the survey states. The detailed survey was carried out from January to December '98 by the Singapore Tourism Board to record various aspects of tourist arrivals and their habits. "The figures on Indian spending are particularly significant because India ranked ninth in terms of number of visitors to Singapore, third highest revenue generator, but was first as far as average per capita expenditure is concerned. The per capita expenditure of an American was Rs 20,000, which was second highest spenders in Singapore, spending nearly 40% of an average Indian's expenditure.

Though India attracted only approximately 3 minion international tourists every year, the high spending and footloose Indians have been targeted by prominent tourist destinations in the other countries in the Far East and the Middle East. According to the World Tourism and Trade Council (WTTC), of the 2.6 million outbound tourists from India, over 60 percent went to Singapore and Dubai, which many regard as an extended shopping mall.

The commerce and industry ministry has proposed opening up of the foreign investment policy to allow 100% foreign direct investment (FDI) in construction of commercial properties such as shopping malls and hotels. Officials said construction of commercial properties could attract large amount of FDI in the broad sector of real estate, FDI of up to 100% is allowed only in the "development of integrated township." India is high on the radar of foreign investors and thus, there is a need for creating an appropriate financial mechanism that will attract tong-term (10 -15 years) investments especially for infrastructure development. International retailers are queuing up to take a share of this profit-making venture in India.

Dubai based Life Style International, world famous Wall-Mart, Marks & Spencer and Toys 'R' US are at the threshold of setting up retail outlets in India. The French company plans to invest $250-300 million in the venture; the US Company on the other hand plans to invest $100 million in three years. While Groupe Casino has decided to pick up 49% percent stake after the retail is opened up for FDI. Weitnaurer Holdings, a famous Swiss duty-free conglomerate and Flagship of Weitnauer Group of Companies, is eyeing to capture duty-free shops in the country with its aggressive market strategies in the coming months.

Singapore's famous departmental store Mustufa that is the destination of all Indians in this city-state is all set to enter India. This is even as the company has just brought over a jewellery shop in Chennai.  Jewellery is the part of the staggering 100,000 products the company sells through its departmental stores. Mustufa is looking for four acres of land wherever they find at reasonable price because they are well aware that four acres of land would be difficult as well non- viable to locate in the city center. A distant location would not deter them. One of their stores is like 30-35 shops, so it is likes a whole market. Thus, it will become a destination for consumers.

Weitnauer Holdings Ltd. has identified itself as a serious player for the Indian duty free shops market. India is an important commercial destination apart from tourist spot and company has been seriously thinking on tapping the Indian duty free shops since long. Shoprite, Africa's largest retailer has obtained an approval to conduct wholesale business in India. But, according to industry sources, it is also tieing up with an Indian franchisee for a large format retail operation that is expected to start early in the end of this year.

India Inc's global march in fast forward mode is opening yet another brand new avenue of business. Duty free shops, restricted to airports till now, are set to spring up at a number of seaports. Unlike their counterparts at seaports, the duty free outlets at the seaports will initially be aimed at cruise passengers, crew of the ships calling in at these ports and the storage requirements of those ships. Government officials dealing with the initiative, being pushed by the department of tourism, say one of the key goals of the new facilities is to attract the growing number of tourists on cruise liners to shop at these outlets.

 

  • International retailer such as Wall Mart, Marks & Spencer, Toys 'R' US, Weitnaurer Holdings, Groupe Casino and Singapore's famous department store Mustufa (NRI Group), which is destination of Indians are in queue to capture these profit-making venture in India.

  • If average NRI purchase only 2-dolor worth per day and average Indian purchase only Rs 1 worth per day from this town-ship, business will be more than Rs 1 trillion per year.
     


Medical Tourism

India's healthcare has helped sell its image. The country is poised to pocket a major chunk of the $ 3 trillion global healthcare industry in coming years. Incredible India, amazing India! It could be a slogan for India as a destination for medical tourism. India's travel industry is taking clue from Singapore, where 1.5 lakh people visit each year for medical treatment from countries like Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. These medical tourists contribute $ 1 billion to Singapore's GDP each year, and the country which has an agency to market medical tourism, is now beefing up its medical tourism infrastructure.

Handful of Indian healthcare providers will find a mention on the British National Health Services (NHS) map - albeit only in the listings section. This listing comes at a time when Indian hospitals, especially starry ones with expensive rate charts, are looking at the NHS to fulfill dollar laced medical tourism dreams. Although the listing is an independent agency's effort, Indian players are hopeful that it is the beginning as far as the NHS is concerned.

The NHS, which has 30 trusts running various hospitals across the UK, has a long waiting list of patients. It has been giving patients the option to 'choose and book' in hospitals having shorter waiting lists. If the NHS extends its 'choose and book' list to include some options in India, the 'desi' medical tourism dream could take off. Given the high figure, the offer from NHS Family Choice - an independent agency that compiles a directory rating healthcare providers within the NHS system in the UK as well abroad has found many takers in India.

Around 80 private hospitals and healthcare institutions across India paid a registration fee for a mention in its rating directory. This includes big groups such as the Apollo, Max Fortis and Wockhardt as well star hospitals like Hinduja, Asian Heart Institute and Aditya Jyot Eye in Mumbai. The large Indian community in the UK, which is covered by the NHS, the opportunity is huge even if a fraction of the ethnic Indians option to travel back home for treatment.

According to Vishal Bali of the Wockhardt group of hospitals, who is a member of the CII National Healthcare Committee, the NHS Family Choice first approached the CII team in Delhi, which then gave it the address of 80_odd members of the Indian Healthcare Federation (IHF) members are chosen on the basis of stringent criteria, ranging from quality consciousness to the number of beds. In a sense, its members are the crème de la crème of the Indian healthcare industry. "The India centric directory is the beginning of recognition for healthcare facilities in India." Many major surgeries can be performed in India at a tenth of their cost in comparison with the Western countries.  This cost advantage and India's large pool of well-trained professionals will draw global business. Gujaratis, forming a significant chunk of Indian Diaspora regularly fly back home from US, UK, Australia, Africa and other countries in big numbers for major medical treatment and even health check-ups in the up market. Not only did they get the treatment done for almost free but also get a chance to catch up with the family by spending a small amount on the airfare.

Is it a hotel? Is it a hospital? As it turns out, the panel facility inaugurated by the Apollo Group and the National Union of Seafarers India is both. Containing bars, lounges and Jacuzzis under the same roof as cardiograms, x-ray machine and pathology labs, its India's first so-called hospital. It will promote medical tourism in India, attracting international patients and corporate executives to avail a cocktail of treatment travel and fun.

Already, such types of hospitals have been opened in many parts of India. Its clear, hopes to be the home to even more such establishment. That was obvious from the enthusiasm for medical tourism on display at a recent conference of hospital administrators organized by the Tata Institute of Social Sciences. Officials claimed that medical tourism would be "India's next IT industry" and referred to the country as the "healthcare destination of the world."

First we need to develop a system, which classifies and approves hospitals, pretty much like hotels. About 12,000 foreign patients come each year to India just for healthcare services. More than 30% of the country's operations have given the sector priority as a lucrative business. This means they not only take care of travel and stay but also organise the hospital and doctors appointments. A combined package, which brings in the airlines, travel and tour agencies, healthcare providers and insurance agencies, could propel this further.

India gets the bulk of its patients from the Gulf, Canada, Maldives, and Europe etc. According to a recent report by the consultancy firm McKinsey for the CII the tertiary care hospitals could make in every year until 2012 from medical tourism alone, an amount of Rs 10,000 crore.

India can certainly become the destination of the world for having two great advantages - highly skilled manpower and substantially lower cost treatments. Another reason for patients flocking to India is that, doctors abroad don't give an immediate appointment. In the US, the UK, and even Australia, doctors reportedly give appointments for a tooth extraction after six months and by then; the tooth would rot and fall on its own.

Those settled abroad aren't the only ones to undergo dental treatment at home for fear of burning holes in their pockets, but there is a steady rush of wannable immigrants too who would rather get their teeth cleaned, bridged and capped before leaving for foreign shores. Until about ten years ago, we were lagging far behind our western counterparts but today our technology is only six months behind that of the West. This gap has largely been bridged and conveyed this to the world by Internet.

Incentives like tax exemptions for expansion and setting up of private hospitals, 20 percent custom duty on life saving medical equipment, custom duty exemption on life saving drugs, higher depreciation on medical equipment and more, announced in Budget-2003 was just the medicine they needed to capture the multi-crore global healthcare pie! This will enable to offer excellent quality medical care at most competitive price. The money saved in duties will be passed on to the patients.

Latest cosmetic-plastic surgeries are also being done in India at competent rates. An increasing number of NRls prefer local cosmetic surgeons to their foreign counterparts as they get the same treatment at one-tenth the cost as well as without long waited appointment. Cosmetic surgery gets lucrative lift, as the business is also booming globally; especially in Asia where a westernized look is increasingly desirable. Cosmetic treatments have become almost commonplace, thanks to changing social attitudes and pressures and above all, to technical innovation that is now starting to fulfill its potential.

Last year, roughly 9.4 million cosmetic procedures were performed in America alone, more than three times the number in 1999, according to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.  A decade ago, the business was largely a matter of a surgeon and his scalpel. It was expensive besides which recovery was often bruising and long with satisfactory results not guaranteed. Today, however new technology and products are making cheaper, minimally invasive cosmetic improvement increasing the norm.

India's largest travel company Kuoni India, is considering a joint venture with a private hospital and an insurance company so that it can begin to bring in patients looking cheaper medical care in India. It's just not people from the Gulf States or Thailand that will be attracted by this proposition; the West has a huge ageing population, which has to bare enormous economic and social costs for ill health. India can be beautifully positioned to tap this especially if destination like Piram Island that conjures sunny, relaxed images ware patients could rest and recover is marketed along with the country's cheap medical facilities.

 



Naturopathy and meditation Centre

20th century was considered the age of stress while the 21st century will become the age of depression. It is presumed that by 2020 depression will become the second commonest disease and psychiatry will become the most flourishing branch in medical fraternity.

W.H.O. gas redefined disease as physical, mantel and spiritual well being of a person and not only absence of disease. Any disease can be produced (to some extent) cured by changing the thought pattern. Psyche or mind plays a substantial role in it more so in psychosomatic diseases like heart disease, BP, diabetes, mental illness, cancer --- the disease are caused by stress & strain and unhealthy life style.

A day will come when nations will be judged by the well being of their levels of health, nutrition and education and not by their military or economic strength nor by the splendour of their capital cities and public buildings.

Dr Benson from Harvard University, Dr Deepak Chopra, Carlo Simonton and other experts has clearly shown that relaxations are powerful tools in the treatment of psychosomatic diseases.

In natural ambience of Piram Island - majestic and pristine, and naturopathy centre will merge into the landscape with natural ease. The land cradled in the ocean's lap. To add to it, the size of Piram Island is perfect to enjoy the feeling and view the endless of nature to the horizon all around. In a location so exotic that you can experience a rendezvous with nature and your inner self --- an ideal condition for the body and the mind to respond to yoga and meditation for the most positive effect.

Naturopathy is based on the principle that the body has the power to cure itself using the five elements of nature this being air, water, fire, earth, and space called as 'Panchmahabhutas.'

Ayurveda is the time tested and trusted ancient medical system of India which provides longevity and health in body, mind and spirit. Panchkarma (Detoxification Process) has the power to remove the excessively accumulated toxins in different systems as well as improve immunity. Shamana (Palliative Medicine), Rasayana (Medicine & techniques for rejuvenation) and a proper guidance for lifestyle and food habits are the base of this treatment. (Prevention is better than cure) If you want to heal your body, you must first heal your mind because any suffering is the suffering of mind and body together. To accelerate this process, Meditation, Pranayama and Yoga based relaxatation techniques along with psychological counseling is the best.

An ideal combination of ayurveda, naturopathy, alternative therapies and holistic practices like pranayama, meditation and yoga based relaxation techniques can rejuvenate and recharge body as welt as mind. Health can be restore and maintain by harmonizing the physical, the mental, the emotional and the spiritual elements. This can be one of the reasons for brain training course, which is held once a year on the Tessera Island by the 'Creative thinking guru Edward de Bono:

The natural environment and landscape of Piram is a perfect setting for the development of a facility in a naturopathy, yoga, ayurvada, herbal medicine, holistic health, stress management, healthy lifestyle, visualization, rhythmic breathing, relaxation techniques, positive attitude, homeopathy, acupuncture, acupressure, unani, siddha, therapeutic diet, meditation, physiotherapy, magnet therapy, hypnotism, reiki, vibrionics, pyramid therapy, flower remedies, Kirtian photography, biofeedback, music therapy, laughing therapy, panch karma, hip bath, colon hydro-therapy, enimas, hydro-jet bath, whirl-pool bath, oil therapy, ghee therapy, mud therapy, aroma, sun therapy, colour therapy, juice therapy, vipassana, kundalini, etc. It can become hub of spiritual heating and meditation; bridging the technological miracles of the west with the wisdom of the east.

"The greatest achievement for man, more significant than the conquest of the universe is the knowledge of body and mind. Health is natural were as disease is unnatural. Different faces of today's fast track life having competition, uncertainty, and work pressures, domestic tensions... Adding to it are the irregular food habits and pollution. All these invasions definitely loose the 'ease' in life and the plethora of these extensive problems manifest into dis-ease'.

Indulgent lifestyles now cause a slew of serious lifestyle aliments.

  • Cardio vascular disorders, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, asthma, arthritis, gastritis, insomnia, headaches, anxiety, the stress related syndrome 'X' insulin resistant disorders and so many are non-communicable or lifestyle disorders.

  • Rapidly growing epidemic of non-communicable psychosomatic diseases is responsible for 50% of world deaths.

  • World is living dangerously either because it has little choices or because it is making the wrong choices about consumption and activity.

(Massage from the Director General of W.H.O.)

The modern man is running against time he is the victim of hurry, worry and curry leading to i1l health. On getting up from the bed the hard grind begins, the stress and strain of fast life, running against time, extended hectic work hours nerve racking projects, constant ringing of phones and mobiles, odd and hurried lunch hours, disturbed sleepless nights, physical and mental fatigue -- all this time the invisible 'Yamraj' is patiently waiting with protruding, lolling out tongue and droppings saliva to grab one of us. Right now we are sitting on top of the active volcano, which may erupt at any time. We are wired to a ticking time bomb, which may blast at any time, and some of us will pop off prematurely and start our journey to the eternal abode, leaving the children and spouse to weep and suffer. Is there no way out from this gloomy maze?

Off course there is --'Piram' the paradise on earth with a unique hospital combing the latest technological know-how's of the west and the alternative mediums and the time tested age-old techniques of the east, (meditation, yoga, pranayam, rhythmic breathing, etc.) the amalgam of both the worlds, in pollution free natural environment. The staff is very courteous, loving and compassionate, come here to recharge your (mind, body and soul) batteries. We can assure you it will be an out the world experience, which you will cherish throughout your life -- so see you there - bye.

We cordially welcome you 10 Piram the Academy for a better world on the picturesque background of pollution free, environment-friendly Island in Guff of Khambhat. This Academy for better world combines the graceful charm of a well laid out functional setup with abundant freshness of nature and backdrops of the sea.

The sanity of medical complex provides an apt environment for faster recovery, enriches the physical and spiritual experience in an atmosphere, that is both stimulating and (invigorant) relaxing, no distressed patients harried doctors but cool administrators compassionate loving, caring, soothing, cajoling Nightingales with a smite on their face and a loving heart -- a forgetting therapy. Here you can harness natures healing powers and rediscover the doctor within each one of us, find nuts and bolts of creativity, fight efficiently the battle of the bulge (obesity).

 

Event Management Firm

      

In the near future it will be no surprise if the rich and famous hold marriage ceremonies on such islands. Besides it would be an ideal location for shooting marriage ceremonies for films and T.V. serials for a country that makes the highest number of films in the world and second highest TV serial in terms of hour.

The 'shaadi' next door has just hit the Rs I - 2 crore mark. As the marriage season nears, it is time to splurge. Brides and grooms are putting on expensive dresses, tables are being laid with exotic food, and mandaps are getting the designer touch, while guests tap their feet to singers and DJs. Many say marriages are made in heaven but, this season, Gujaratis are making the ceremony a 'heavenly' one. According to sources, the expenditures range from Rs 50 lakh to Rs 2 crore across the state's cities.

Earlier, people would splurge just on the bride and groom. Now, money is being spent on guests too. They are being pampered with an array of items. From the food to the mandap, and from invitation cards to entertainment, it is all about making a statement.

So, the father of the bride isn't thinking twice before bringing in 'Kanta lagaa' girl Shefali Jariwala, Bally Sago, Abhijeet or Sonu Nigam to start the wedding celebrations on a rocking note that the charges are anywhere between Rs 5 lakh a night, doesn't matter. People are drawing up separate guest lists for each ceremony like sangeet, mehendi, wedding and reception so they can give personalized care.

It's not just expensive mandaps that cost up to Rs 50 lakh, even floral decorations cost as much as a lakh for 'an evening. Imported flowers are being brought in to welcome guests.

The hosts have also found that the way to the guests' heart may well be through exotic dishes. "Chefs are being flown in to layout a multi-cuisine spread, including Thai, Mexican, Italian and Continental food, costing a whopping Rs 800 to Rs 1,200 a plate. Brides and grooms are looking for gold and silver embroidery and want their clothes to be elegant. The price range is anything from Rs 10,000 to Rs 1lakh.

Marriages are now made in heritage locales. The latest is where a bridegroom sporting an 'achkan' (sherwani), 'safa' (turban) with a  'morpeech'  (peacock feather) and mojhdis (shoes) drives into a spruced-up palace courtyard in a vintage car with 'baraatis' in horse-driven carriages following him.

Though inspired by Bollywood, these real-life weddings are a class apart, as they are performed not on expensive sets but heritage palaces and royal houses. A wedding in the opulent interiors of a palace with its expensive silk and chiffon drapes, carved doors and windows, bejewelled arches, marble floors, walls adorned with antique paintings welcome the guests in a traditional manner - with a 'tikka', garland and 'arti'. You don't have to be from a royal lineage to enjoy a slice of royalty, when you are attending one of the new ages Indian weddings.

"A dream wedding in a pristine ambience is what the rich and the affording classes are looking for. Royal wedding packages top the list of 'Destination (theme) weddings', which are at least a decade-old phenomenon in India.

If Rajasthan is dominating, Gujarat is slowly picking up.  Heritage properties in Gujarat are now luring the commoners - promising them a slice of royalty - though be it for a day. We have Balaram Palace in Palanpur, Mandvi Palace in Kutch, Nilambagh in Bhavnagar, Riverside Palace in Gondal, Garden Palace in Balasinor, Shiv Nivas and Laxmi Vilas in Vadodara open to weddings.

The royal splendour just doesn't end with leasing out the premises as wedding planners have now roped in royal jewellers, dress designers as well as chefs to give the entire event a periodic appeal.

The package includes traditional costumes and accessories designed by in-house professionals for the bride, bridegroom and close family members. Traditional dancers and musicians put up a show, while royal chefs churn out a traditional menu.

It's a one-stop marriage shop, offering a unique sagai-to-bidai package. They get the mandaps done; arrange the pundit and chase the halwai. They even usher in your 'baraatis'.

A new crop of event managers has taken over the job of arranging marriages, letting the father of the bride spend the last moments with his daughter before she leaves home and the groom's father share with his son the secrets of a successful married life.

And, as event management firms jump in for a share of the multi-crore marriage pie --- organising the good old 'shaadi' with clockwork precision and immaculate Planning --- the ordeal of having your children tie the knot is becoming a thing of the past. 

Though industry sources say managing a wedding comes with a price tag of Rs 50,000 and above. The services offered are varied. While event management firms even organise dance-training classes for hosts, some offer hospitality services like receiving guests at various entry points in the city and escorting them to designated venues.

Those in the business say the market is growing at an unprecedented rate. There are many advantages. First, families can forget their worries. Then, professional bodies can get things done which normally wouldn't have been possible. We created an entire village, complete with huts and ethnic furniture, and even get a 'doli' to carry the bride.

"It is the time factor that matters most. Most clients are NRls who are hard pressed for time to come to India, get their children married and return soon." The firm even has a tie-up with a leading hotel chain to facilitate wedding venues. Besides weddings people are now ready to leave other occasions such as Birthdays, Engagements, anniversaries, musical nights, fashion shows, beauty- peagents, trade fairs which are both industrial as well as cottage industry, contests, music launches, product launches, award functions, conferences, business luncheons/dinners, parties from dinner to cocktail, theme parties and other such social events in the hands of event management firms and for such occasions Piram is the ideal location.


India, the ICE age Samurai

The Information, Communication and Entertainment (ICE):  ICE are the new engines of empowerment in the burgeoning knowledge economy. The global economic scenario as it stands today is driven by the information revolution and fuelled by the convergence of three key sectors – Information Technology, Communication and Entertainment (ICE).

The takeoff of the   New  Economy has resulted in a flourishing demand for companies providing chip design, web – based design Internet and telecom software service etc. supported by an enormous pool of highly skilled professionals available in India.

 Indian companies have demonstrated their global competitiveness in this field. India today is only second to the US in terms of the number of English speaking technical professionals in the world. Indian design and engineering companies have now entered value-added software services.

By 2008, the Indian IT industry is likely to mop up more than $ 100 billion in revenues, as against an estimated S 8.39 billion in 1999-2000. India has probably had the lion's share of benefits when it viewed from the IT and Communication perspective - from virtually zero just ten years ago, it has now growth to such an extent that it is hard to believe the difference one short decade has made...because of the widespread use of the internet, it no longer maters where one operates from.

As companies such as Infosys, TCS and Gray Cell have demonstrated, it is now possible to bank on one's skills and ideas and find acceptance the countries like the USA and Germany openly admit their dependence on technology skills sourced from India - it is a safe bet that were countries like India to withdraw their support to the western IT world, things would rapidly become uncomfortable for the so-called 'developed world' world over, rather than be rejected on the basis of being located in a "Third World" country.

 

Ironically, the huge advances in communication have benefited countries like India more in the IT field that the very countries that invented these technologies. Countries like the USA and Germany openly admit their dependence on technology skills sourced from India - it is a safe bet that were countries like India to withdraw their support to the western IT world, thing would rapidly become uncomfortable for the so-called "developed world". In a very real sense, countries like the US and Europe suddenly find them being labeled as the 'IT Third World'. This fact has not been lost on the West. Today, virtually every major IT company from the US and Europe has operations here in India. Thanks to the rapid growth of communication in India, skilled personnel in India no longer need to travel to far away shores and India is rapidly gaining a reputation as an 'IT superpower'. Business, and life itself, has changed drastically in the past few decades. Vast distances mean very little today. With these changes, much business related factors have changed, too. Today, the ability to have access to up-to-the-minute information decides who wins, and who loses. With this in mind, the business world today invests heavily in communication resources.

It has become clear to everyone concerned that without an efficient communication network, they might as well give up and hand over their business to the competition that is better equipped on this front. It takes a lot of willpower to decide to start operating in a country such as ours. Far away from home, the disadvantages of setting up an operation in India can be immense. For one, the parent companies need to know what is going on, not only on a day-to-day basis but also minute by minute.

Even for 'local' companies, the need for efficient communication does not reduce. Manager need to able to stay in touch with their staff out on the field, with their various operating centres, etc.

At one time, Information Technology and Communication were terms used separately and in different contexts. Today, they are almost synonyms for each other there can be no IT without communications or vice varsa.

 

Entertainment

Entertainment is also one of the businesses where India enjoys a comparative advantage over other foreign players with its ability to competitively produce quality content.  The quality of software developed in India matches with that available in the sophisticated studios of Hollywood.

Simple, like infotech entertainment is a knowledge-based industry. And as everyone from Alvin Toffler to Bill Gates has been telling us, the future belongs to such businesses. Sociologists are discovering improved living standards create more leisure and this leisure needs to be full filled.

It is estimated that an urban citizen in the developed world wilt spend up to 40 hours a week on entertainment slightly more than what is spent at work and even in a country like India it will be around 25 hours a week. Entertainment is also perhaps the only business where India, at least in volume terms, has been a global player.

Films: We make the world’s largest number of films 700 a year. The signs of vibrant and vigorous growth of the Indian entertainment industry are visible in the overseas market, which is growing by leap and bounds. India's movie exports jumped from $ 10 million a decade to $ 100 million last year, and may cross $ 250 million this year. It is also one of the businesses where India enjoys a comparative advantage over other foreign players with its ability to competitively produce quality content. The quality of software developed in India matches with that available in the sophisticated studios of Hollywood.

For instance, the facilities for editing, recording and dubbing produced by India's Ramoji Film City is today considered on par with the best in the world. With the support of the software skills that Indians are now known for, the entertainment industry is set for a boom.

Film of the Year award at the International Film Festival held in California last year. Incredible, but true India is on the verge of an animation boom and Indian animators are slowly but steadily edging ahead of their more Media-savvy InfoTech counterparts abroad. Incidentally, with business constantly pouring in here too, some Indian animation firms are taking a leaf out of the books of their IT counterparts and acquiring animation houses based abroad while others have partnered with them on a win-win basis. 

TV programming: We produce over 40,000 hours of original TV programming third after US and China. Indian animation film based on the 'Ramayana' won the Best Animation Indeed, it is now possible that just as the Japanese once captured the US market for animated cartoon films, India too will do the same - with an important difference, whereas Japan had to rely largely on the export market. India provides a huge domestic market as well. By 2005, India will earn Rs 4,000 crore from exporting TV programmes, against Rs 350 crore currently. 

Music: We sate 300 million audiocassettes and over 5,000 new titles a years, making it the worlds second largest after the US. The Indian music industry will be worth Rs 3,000 crore in 2005, double that of Rs 1500 crore now. Other segments of the industry such as broadcasting, Internet, dth, radio and live entertainment are also primed for a big boom. Consequently along with the IT industry the entertainment industry holds the promise of being one of the biggest export earners for the country.

Total annual turn over of the entertainment business in India is less than $ 3 billion. This is expected to grow at 30 per cent per annum with exports growing at a phenomenal 40 per cent. There is a new bounce in the business even as it gets better organised. Trade bodies like Ficci and CII have separate committees on the entertainment business. Suddenly the government also realises that this is one industry, besides InfoTech, which can really spur industrial growth in India. Come to think of it, even the web needs content and that's where media/entertainment companies will score in the next few years.


 

Educational Institute and Training Center

Private participation was crucial as Gujarat continued to lag behind, compared to its neighbouring states, in offering job-oriented courses that had led to an exodus of students from the state.

The thrust of the new education policy will be to encourage the industry to participate in higher education. Private players can set up their own universities and can enjoy complete autonomy in functioning.

The idea behind inviting industry to participate in higher education was that it would be able to assist educational institutions in developing quality infrastructure and sensitise universities about its manpower requirements. Approval provided to self-finance engineering, medical and management education institutes, and granting university status to privately-run colleges backed by corporate houses like Nirma and Reliance in Ahmedabad are seen to be a step in opening an era of private sector participation in financing and managing institution of higher education.

"With increasing appreciation for the quality of education, more number of students and their parents are ready to pay higher costs." For instance the state has vast potential for setting up of new educational institutes in the areas of marine engineering, port management, gems and jewellery design, disaster management and biotechnology, which will be able to serve the market needs. Australian universities have started looking for tie-ups with institutions in India as a means of providing their quality education in India. The move has been prompted by the increasing flow of Indian students towards Australia. In the last couple of years the rush has been so much that Australian authorities are worried they may not be able to cater to the rush.

Research by lDP Education Australia, an international education organization formed by the Australian universities, has predicted that demand from India will significantly surge over the next decade. Henry Ledlie, director, lDP Education Australia, India said, "The number of Indian students going to Australia is expected to reach to about 80,000 per year by 2025.

LDP's research project Global Student Mobility 2025:  Forecasts of the 'Global Demand' for International Higher Education, says China, India, Malaysia and Indonesia will be responsible for 62 percent of the total international student flow towards Australia.

Looking at the demand, Australian educational authorities and universities have proposed the Indian counterparts to join hands and proposed a number of tie-ups to cater to the increasing demand for education.

Following Malaysia as a role model, the Indian education providers urgently need to explore the possibilities of collaborating with foreign counterparts and cooperate to set up global college campuses in India. This will also arrest the arrest the increasing number of Indian students leaving India per year.  The largest educational mission consisting of 65 Australian university representatives from 25 universities and four vocational institutes said that the Australian mission is encouraged by the overwhelming response from the students. To ensure that new higher education policy attracts more global partners, the state government is wooing foreign universities to facilitate their tie-up with universities in Gujarat.

The commissioner was keen to see the transfer of courses in marine technology, biotechnology port management to universities in the state. The sprawling IIM campus was vibrant with a newfound spirit. And, it’s not just about Confluence, the country's biggest B-school event, and set to begin. It is about a giant leap the institute is set to take towards the biggest dream that India's best B school has dreamt of - an international status among management schools of the world, a place 'among the hallowed Ivy League'.

We have drawn up a road map and have begun adding the international component. What we need most is an international student. It is here that we are facing a problem as; we still need to upgrade ourselves to an extent that those scoring high at the GMA T should have IlM-A on their radar screens. We also require high quality foreign faculty.

IIM-A has already taken some initiatives in this direction by signing MoUs with 29 international B schools for students exchange programmes. Faculty exchange programmes are also on the anvil while three major research projects are on at the IIM-A in collaboration with Stanford in the field of energy; Columbia in the field of regional development and with McGill University of Canada in telecom.

BPO Nagar

Let a new towns boom 

BPOs are now proving to be good training grounds and finishing schools for hordes of cross-industries professionals and graduates who have embraced high-growth careers in this burgeoning industry. Thus making a strong case for people, who are technologically literate, globally astute and operationally agile, says Pallab Dutta. 

After the initial euphoria of establishing themselves in terms of infrastructure, processes and systems in the wake of the off shoring business wave, SPO firms and entities are how looking strongly at consolidating their core assets people. They are revisiting the mantra of corporate restructuring and development - management of human resources. In fact, after attracting streams of professionals from other industries, apart from talented, fresh graduates, and consequently, high levels of employee movement, BPOs have cottoned on to the advantages of retaining employees over a long-run period.

Traditionally, BPOs have been known for their introductory 'soft' training sessions and induction exercises to acclimatise fresh batches of employees. However, with the range of functionalities and job roles increasing laterally with expanding operations, it became imperative for them to enhance the knowledge curve and domain expertise of employees. The presence of senior professionals (from retail, financial services, technology, hospitality industries as also "blue-chip" MBAs and engineers) on SPO rosters is also driving this near paradigm shift in HR practices. The service industry contributes 64.3 percent of India's GDP now. This, along with Indians becoming world-class customers, has led to training becoming an integral part of the SPO industry. This industry has become' a source for well trained and well accustomed individuals for other industries.

Kapoor, Chairman and Managing Director, Samsika Marketing Consultants, HR- based initiatives and programs are playing an influential role in building up a critical mass of competent and experienced professionals. The top management is encouraging such employee retention and organisational productivity measures by   earmarking   substantial   investments   in   training   and   development   and customised learning programs. More importantly, employees are finally convinced that linking their medium to long-term career paths is becoming possible in mature and long-gestation SPO ventures. In other words, they are now ready to mesh their career ambitions with organisational objectives and goals.

BPOs are adopting various "routes" and methods to enable their employees to develop relevant expertise and competencies and enhance & their knowledge base. These include self-learning, interactive web-based training sessions; company   Intranet-based   training   courseware, in-house specific skill sets, personality development and technical programs, short-term workshops and hands-on projects on client sites in foreign locations. In line with known HR practices of manufacturing, infrastructure and financial services corporations, some of the captive BPO firms are also sponsoring part-time MBA and domain - specific programs of talented employees.

With "generation next" BPOs offering specialised off shoring services like automotive engineering and design, software products R&D, high-end financial data modeling and analysis, it is imperative for them to ensure that employees are cued into the best-of-breed technologies and latest    techniques and methodologies, says Patrick Mc Goldrick, CEO and MD, Tata Technologies Limited.

"Relevant domain knowledge can be increased by Introducing fast-track courses in engineering and technical disciplines can increase relevant domain knowledge. Critical fundamentals can also be brushed up from time to time. These can be supplemented by thorough practical training on projects and assignments and mentoring can playa key role in enhancing the learning experience."

Clearly, with HR back on the agenda as a competitive determinant, BPOs are hoping to develop best practices in various functional disciplines.  Employees themselves are seeking steady growth paths in large BPO operations with long-term contracts and projects. Still others (mostly the freshly minted graduates) are looking to leverage knowledge bases and skill sets development programs gained in BPOs to chart out possible and fulfilling careers in other industries at a later stage. In whatever way the benefits are parleyed, employees hope that such HR measures and initiatives are entwined with core organizational visions and are not some passing attrition controlling gimmicks and short-run motivational inducements. 

Imparting crucial skills:

At a Navi Mumbai-based international BPO employees a US-based enterprise learning provider's site either through the Internet or through the company intranet with the help of unique log-ins (which can also be accessed from home). They can choose from a string of technology skills, business skills, homes and personal, Smart Direct Certify (the chance to imbibe knowledge of certificate courses of IT giants like Cisco, Microsoft, Novell, IBM, while taking the exams externally) programs. Exhaustive yet "easy step" courses like MS Office, MS PowerPoint and MS Excel are among the more popular ones. Employees are eagerly availing of these courses and programs with flexi-learning sessions and hours enabling them to chart out their work schedules accordingly.

Manuel D'Souza head, Human Resources, Internet declares "Till 4-5 years back BPOs were the ITES industry, now they're the HRES (human Resources Enabled Services) industry. Therefore while people develop people on the job, for this we import voice and accent training, domain training, on-the-job training and regular refresher courses of the same. We also conduct skill and attitudinal training for each level of management depending on specific needs. For example, junior management is trained in coaching stress management, etc. Middle and senior management is trained on how to 'manage the managers'. We are also developing a scientific model to identify competencies and gap areas and then tweak training to suit individual needs.

As the information technology-enabled services industry faces rising employee and infrastructure costs in the major cities, threatening to blunt their crucial cost edge, it migrates to the smaller cities. The process has begun. However, the volume of business processes that can be out - sourced to India from the rest of the world is huge and even these second-rung towns will soon exhaust the readily available manpower. Still smaller towns may not, on their own, have a large enough supply of the kind of workers needed to justify locating units in them. Workers from many such towns would have to be persuaded to migrate and assembled at a single place that has the right infrastructure. That place cannot be an existing town, considering that all existing towns have infrastructure that has been overstretched to the point of breaking. The solution is to build entirely new towns, properly planned and laid out and endowed with modern infrastructure and good connectivity to the big cities and airports. With India's pace of urbanisation stilt a far cry from what it should be there is everything to be said in favour of building new towns.

Of course, even this is easier said than done. Governments need an entirely new vision to implement such projects. Antiquated land acquisition laws will need to be upgraded and stamp duty and other similar taxes revisited. These towns will have to be planned to harmoniously blend residential and work areas and provide all essential services: law and order, water supply, power, civic amenities, health, education, transport, entertainment, etc., to meet all the civic and commercial needs of a citizenry composed of an educated work force. Another crucial factor will be the mode of implementation; while private builders can be entrusted with building these cities, innovative taxation and financing would be -required to keep the cost of operating in these towns cost-effective. And, considering that two decades from now the workforce may shift to other occupations, the township will need to build in adequate flexibility too. Telecom connectivity, thankfully, is likely to be the least troublesome issue.

 

Courier 

India is becoming a serious player in the international economy. The willingness to attract foreign investment and develop the local market is tremendous. Development with increased acceleration, India can bypass some things, which other countries had to go through. You can get standards of services, which are available, anywhere else in the world. Look at the business environment, its capability is changing and developing very fast. If you compare the changes that have taken place in India with the changes of any European country, during the last ten years, you will find changes in India are more dramatic.

India became a part of the v3 strategy, meaning vision, value and virtual. India belongs to those 25 countries that produce most of the traffic in International Marketing. The combined impact of globalisation, Internet and e-commerce is leading to some structural changes in the industry. While cheaper alternatives like Internet have slowed down the growth of the traditional business of letters and correspondences, globalisation and increasing competition for consumer mind share opened up a completely new business of direct mailers and marketing literature from marketing companies.

Then, in newly liberalising countries like India a growing business of bank statements, utility bills, etc. has opened up. Globalisation and the increase in global outsourcing practices by NINCs have resulted in faster growth in the parcel and cargo segment. The emergence of c-commerce, on the other hand, has changed the way express courier companies do their business. Stand-alone networks will not do any longer. Network should now be merged with those of their clients. The piecemeal approach to express delivery of cargo or documents is giving way to a total logistics solution.

Asia has two types of markets. There are mature markets like Japan, South Korea, etc. There is very little growth in these markets. However most of the countries in Asia fall in the evolving or rapidly growing market category. India belongs to this fast growing segment. Given the size of India, it has a very huge market potential. In the long run, the comparison can only be between India and China.

The next two to three years will see a great boom in the logistics business in India. The concept of logistics management is still at a nascent stage in India, however the imperatives of cost reduction and the fact that a greater number of US and European MNCs are planning to outsource from India wilt open a big opportunity in supply chain management. Over time, the best practices of these MNCs would percolate down to the small and medium-sized domestic companies.

When Mr. Jacques was taken over as the managing director of Indian Operations for Fed Ex, the world's largest express transportation company, he spelt out his expression and expectation from the Indian market. He said that tremendous changes had taken place in the market since 1995 when he was first introduced and since India belongs to the 25 nations that produce most of the traffic in International marketing they hooked up India into the network, in September 1997. They have 634 plans in operation and such a network by which they can connect countries with 90 percent of the world's G.D.P in 24-48 hours for any size of shipment. According to customer requirement, one needs to deal with a number of things this will not only include basic services like shipping, freight forwarders, but also inventory management, information technology and value added services etc. whatever the needs are, Courier Company can provide you with tailor -made services.

Shipping

The spirit of Gujarat is the spirit of enterprise. The state has a glorious maritime tradition that dates back to 2000 B.C! The state was once the maritime gateway to the world with a host of strategic ports like Lothal, Bharuch, Khambhat, Diu, Surat and Ghogha dotting its vast coastline.

In contemporary times, Gujarat Maritime Board (GMB) has played a vital role in development and growth of port sector in Gujarat. Today, Gujarat boasts of one major and 40 intermediate and small port dotting its coastline and GMB is the crucial link connecting them. The port policy 95 formulated by the Gujarat government is widely appreciated nationally and internationally. It is the policy with a vision. 

Gujarat policy 1995: The Harbinger of Growth

Visualising the industrial growth, and considering the strategic location of Gujarat coastline and hinterland covering Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Delhi, Jammu & Kashmir and industrially developed Gujarat itself, GMB has prepared and action plan which includes modernization of existing ports and development of new ports.

In order to avoid haphazard growth and streamline the growth plans, Government of Gujarat came out with a well-structured port policy in 1995, which laid down in detail the strategy for the ports and port related developments in Gujarat Maritime waters. The port policy 1995 announced by the Government of Gujarat is an integrated approach covering port development, industrial development, power generation and infrastructure development. Gujarat is not only limiting itself to the development of ports, but also focusing on balanced regional development through development of port based facilities, social infrastructure and backward integration thus creating a synergy to redefine the maritime developments.

Today Gujarat ports cater to the needs of 36 percent of the country’s population and 38 percent of its geographical area. Now, in the short run, there will be redistribution of cargo between major ports, private ports and GMB’s own ports.

Also, the Government of Gujarat has a very liberal royalty/wharf age concession regime for private ports and captive jetties. In a major boost to the Indian shipping industry, the government is considering to allow 100 percent foreign equity in shipping companies. Under the existing rules the foreign direct investment is 74 percent in shipping industry and it can be increased.

International trade is the lifeblood of strong and aspiring economies the world over. Over 90 percent of India’s international trade depends on shipping over high seas.

For India to claim its due share in the global market, government has identified shipping for a special thrust. For the first time an independent ministry of shipping now functions under a senior cabinet minister. To implement the mandate, a series of time bound steps are underway: - 

  • New investments are being funneled to build a world-class port infrastructure

  • Shipbuilding and repairs industry will get a big boost

  • Archaic controls give way to growth-friendly regulations.

  • New tax benefits are offered to attract private initiative.

  • nland water transport will complement the expensive and over strained surface transport.

  • India will catch up with the leaders.

  • India will make up for the lost decades

  • India is the only nation to have a mighty ocean named after it.

  • Indian Shipping has an ocean for inspiration. 

Private Port 

If there is any sector which has came close to the realization of the Vision-2010, it is the port sector. Over 90 percent of India’s international trade depends on shipping over high seas. Today Gujarat ports cater to the needs of 36 percent of the country’s population and 38 percent of its geographical area.

GMB has played a catalytic roll in the growth of private ports and captive facilities. For private ports, GMB has done excellent baby-sitting and latter handholding. Starting from survey and investigation through land acquisition to getting Government of India clearances, GMB has been and will be the most dependable supporter of these private enterprises.

Government of Gujarat has created a very congenial royalty regime, which makes the risky port investment possible. The freedom in tariff setting and liberal labour market conditions make Gujarat very attractive destination for investing in port sector in India.

Small seems beautiful for the union ministry of shipping, with the thrust on development and promotion of smaller ports. Union minister of Law, Justice, Company affairs and Shipping indicated that his ministry would help with the development of smaller ports.

Secretary (ministry of shipping) pitched in for smaller ports, and also mooted the idea of developing minor ports all along the country’s coast to form a chain of ports for better transportation.

This will help provide an alternative and cheaper means, of transport as developing a minor port would cost less than laying roads. This will help ferrying cargo by sea along the coastline and connect a number of places on way". Forming of the chain of ports would provide a boost to the shipbuilding industry. Ministry also pointed out the need to take stock of the quality of people manning ports so that issues like environment and safety are taken care of.

“My abiding passion is mariners’ training,” declares Mr. Dipak Raut, Director, Aarnav Shipping Co. Pvt. Ltd. The words do not merely convey a passing concern or a sentiment; they are backed by a strong conviction and commitment to a cause and embody an integral part of Mr. Raut’s vision for India. The man is whole-heartedly committed to the realisation of his dream, providing more and better training facilities to mariners.

Says the man whose father was the first naval architect of India, “As of today there is great shortage of good seafarers of all ranks, all over the world. India is capable of producing a large number of well-trained, well-motivated skilled seafarers. What is lacking are good training facilities.”

A two-pronged approach envisages both shore-based training with a marine academy of excellence as well as shipboard training with one or two training ships. In Mr. Raut’s opinion, “Shore training infra structure will take time and money and is more cost- effective. Shipboard training is costlier but can be started immediately. There is no gestation period. I fell we need one or two training ship for the next few years and in the interim period shore facilities will be built up.”

The main thrust of his attention therefore is acquiring a ship for the purpose. Mr. Raut, ex-DMET and one of the pioneers in India in ship management says, “Right now, I am trying to get a consensus on training for mariners. STCW ‘95 is not a matter to be taken lightly. It is our modern Bible and stresses on practical knowledge. You cannot give that practical knowledge in a classroom. Simulators are very expensive. It is better to get a ship. With marine engineers, our methods are not up to the mark. Our people do not believe that it is essential to have a ship to train an engineer. We must have a training ship. Now, I am chasing one ship, it is a bulk carrier. I have not left anybody; I have met, spoken and written to all the big people in shipping to contribute towards this project.”

Continuing on a passionate note, Mr. Raut bemoans the lackadaisical attitude of most Indians, “We have already lost time, STCW ‘95 has started, and we must get things moving. Indians always say that it will happen to us, it will not. We have to take the initiative, it will not fall in our laps.”

“Nobody is questioning the validity of the proposition. The cost is being considered though. I have done a cost benefit analysis and it is a commercially viable proposition. Take this scenario we train 1000 officer per year from an institution. Assuming now that an officer will sail 120 months and earn average USD 2000/- per month, then per batch there will be earnings 120x1000x2000- 240 million USD.

If the training organization produces 10,000 officers in 10 years, then in the same 10 years, the net invisible in-come to the country will be 1.32 Billion USD and the earnings will continue as long as the market supports the same. Further, once the training facilities are set up properly, they will be self-sustaining as far as funds are concerned and should not require further funding for conventional requirements.”

Coming back to the ship, Mr. Raut says, “A ship is available at the cost of about 6.0 million US dollars. She is a 1985 built bulk carrier and where the money to has 240 berths for cadet training. We propose to train Deck and Engine trainees for operating level and support level satisfying STCW ‘95 requirements. As of now I do not know where the money to fund this ship will come from. I think it is futile to depend only on funds from ship owners, both Indian and foreign. We must involve entrepreneurs, educationists and philanthropists. We must take action soon as the ship will not be available forever and people have to realise that even if you go out to sea for one month, you learn much more than in a classroom.” “Of course,” Mr. Raut agrees, “ to plain this whole thing and to see it though needs a lot of commitment.

The top people should want to teach and to be there for the students on a full time basis. The syllabus has to be planned. The certification, faculty, syllabus, everything will be approved by the Government. We also want to set up a permanent organization, a think tank, that will be elected/nominated by the industry to constantly monitor standards of training, certification and higher research”.

Training on board sea and shore is not all that this committed mariner has in mind. He has also formulated a plan to generate seamen from the Konkan region while the region itself develops at the same time. This plan seeks to train boys in the rudiments of seafaring in designated ‘Navik School’. Those with aptitude can secure admission in the seamen’s Training Academy and be good seafarers as once they pass their S.S.C. H.S.C. Students can secure admission for officers training in the academy. The plan further lists the benefits of this training to the region as a whole.

These ideas for the benefit of seamen are not just ideas. They are being worked on with great effort and diligence. And one of Mr. Raut’s ideas has already concretised into reality namely, an insurance plan for off-duty mariners, when they are ashore. Says Mr. Raut, “When we are on duty we have a certain lifestyle, when we are off we don’t. There is no insurance plan for off duty mariners. The New India Assurance Company has come out with a policy. Seamen can save a little bit and put it to wards their future, their lives and their families.”

A fine thought indeed coming back to his passion for training, Mr. Raut says, “If nobody come forward to help, I will still carry on till I find the People. I am sure this project will be a grand success.” Well, we hope so too and wish him all the best.

Agriculture

After attaining the second position in India in industrial development, Gujarat has now turned towards agro-development. The state that was totally dependent on rainfall for agriculture now has several options to obtain water other than rainwater. The farmer have 100,00,000 hector of land at their disposal. Bi-annual harvest is done only in about 10% of this land. In the next 5 years this trend will change completely the main reason being the water revolution. Gujarat leads India in cash crop production. In the current year kharif and Ravi crop total Rs 7000 crore which was 4400 crore previously.

Groundnut production is estimated to increase by 50%. Initially an average of 13000 tonnes per hector of groundnuts were produced, but now it will be possible to produce 2000 tonnes per hector, besides which due to improved seeds almost 45%- 54% oil will be obtained which was only 35%. In the current year, groundnut production income was Rs 26,000 per hector. It is not a miracle but a blessing as well as sheer hard work.

50 years after independence only 3500 check dams have been built on 175 rivers, but during the last 5 years 30,000 dams have been built, and 10,000 dams have been built using gunny bags, due to which ground water levels have increased by 50-250 feet's in turn helping land fertility and humidity in atmosphere. This is one of the reasons for increased production.

In the next five years, there is a plan to build more check dams approximately 1,50,000 check dams. It is a gigantic leap to provide Narmada water wherever possible in last two years. A by-pass tunnel from the river Narmada provides drinking water to 35 cities and thousands of villages including Ahemdabad and Baroda; this has enabled farmers to re-canalize their drinking water supply to their field. Another advantage is that 3000 lakes and ponds have been filled with Narmada water. After Saurashtra, now many rivers of North Gujarat also have water of Narmada flowing through them. This availability of water has changed the face of agriculture in Gujarat.

During the current year another by-pass tunnel has started from the Narmada capable of causing floods in the Sabarmati, 10000 -15000 cu sec of water will be supplied through the canals in Gujarat. In the year 2004, when the height of the Narmada dam goes over 110 metre more water will be supplied which will enable the farmers to take 2-3 harvests annually. In the 100 lakh hector of agricultural land if cultivated 2-3 times a year will be equivalent to 200-300 lakh hector of cultivated land.

On the other hand irrigation plans have been taken into consideration, where the water utilization is maximized. Only a net 30-lakh hector of cultivable land receives irrigation water which 24 lakh hector receives 80% well water and 6 lakh hector receives 20% canal water. 18-lakh hector of land under cultivation will receive irrigation water from Narmada in future which will increase to 24 lakh hector in the next 4-5 years, due to which ground water levels will increase saving up on electricity and other expenses.

In the current year if we take other cash crops into consideration; cotton will increase by 100%; tobacco will increase by 35%; lentils will increase by 50%; according to estimates. The national contribution of Gujarat in cotton is 33%, tobacco will increase by 35%; lentils will increase by 50%; according to estimates. The national contribution of Gujarat in cotton is 33%, tobacco is 25% and oil seeds are 15%. Estimates for 2001-2 was Rs. 1300 crore-agriculture income, which is expected to be Rs. 2000 crore in the current year, meaning an increase of 56%. According to some experts, in the year 2007 when Narmada waters will reach all corners of the state, income is expected to rise up to Rs. 4000 crore and Gujarat state domestic product will show a high percentage share in agricultural output.

It is not enough to say that irrigation is the only answer for an agro-revolution but besides this technology, seeds and implements, methods, fertilizers, pesticides, drip irrigation and the best way to combine and implement these as well as the post harvest facilities will enable the crop production to increase. Gujarat administrative and planning strategies have accelerated this revolution. Scientific agriculture methods, advisers, agri-clinics in villages would aid farmers in bettering their products. Farming seminars as well as the establishment of new agriculture universities and research and development in this field; the beginning of biotechnology; agriculture fairs; agriculture literature has also played a positive role in the agro revolution.

The Gujarat Government has prepared a comprehensive perspective for agriculture - Agro Vision 2010 - and Gujarat is the first state to prepare such a perspective plan, which also includes schemes to encourage setting up of centers of excellence, incubation and demonstration centers for biotechnology and world class quality control laboratories.

Agri Export Zones are setup to provide emphasis on partnership, convergence and with a focus on providing a package to facilitate exports and to induce private sector investment. In a bid to encourage processing and packaging of agricultural products and explore their export potential, Gujarat government has taken a decision to set up four agri-export zones (AEZs) in the state. The proposed four agri-export zones will be situated one each in south Gujarat, north Gujarat, Saurashtra, and Kutch regions. While the south Gujarat zone would focus on processing and packaging of mangoes, the north zone would be meant for castor seed. Similarly, the Saurashtra zone would specialise in onions and the Kutch zone would focus on groundnut and sesame seeds.

The aim of taking up this agri-export zone scheme is with a view to safeguarding the economic interests of the farmers by creating a link between them and exporters, which would ensure optimum utilization of the farm produce and also help in tapping their export potential. "Immediate target is to get an AEZ for onion, especially the white variety which grows in the Bhavnagar region of Saurashtra, I White onion is mainly exported to the Gulf countries. Besides, dehydrated onion is also exported in large quantities. Sops given under AEZ could benefit the dehydrating units located in the Mahuva taluka of Bhavnagar district.

Castor is another commodity whose export will get a boost if a special AEZ is sanctioned to the state. Gujarat tops in India's castor production, accounting for around 65 per cent of the total output. Besides, castor oil is largely exported and finds- use in the pharmaceutical industry and as lubricator in the aviation industry. Since Gujarat is also a leading producer of groundnut, the state is keen to have an AEZ for this commodity. "Nearly 55 percent of India's ground nut output is from Gujarat.

Next in line is an AEZ for sesame seeds. Gujarat ranks second in sesame seeds production, which is exported to Europe, Japan and the Gulf countries. For the AEZ, there is no separate financial assistance. Since both the Centre and the state governments provide a number of financial assistance schemes to agri exports, all such schemes are converged to boost exports from AEZ.

The government has introduced a new Rs 50,000 credit card facility, agri-personal insurance, as well as crop insurance - a very positive step. APMC rules have been improved; cold storage and marketing and new export policies help in improving post harvest problems. Minimum stabilizing support prices as well as minimum product prices have been determined. Agri Export Zone (SEZ) has led to being helpful in this revolution.

Punjab and Haryana are known as the food basket of India after the Bhakhara- Nagal Dam and are main providers of wheat nationally. Gujarat has also entered the race starting with the water channeling; especially the Narmada Project when completed will increase Gujarat's contribution nationally in cash crop and food grains and is taking gigantic steps in that direction.

AGRICULTURE
• Agri-clinic
• Artificial Culture Pearl Production
• Organic farming
• Tissue culture
• Horticulture
• Floriculture
• Hybrid seeds
• Herbal park
• Botanical park
• Bonsai park
• Cactus park
• Indoor and outdoor nursery
• Mini Zoo
• Animal Husbandry
• Fresh water and salt water aquarium
• Algae
• Aqua culture
• Food processing
 

FOOD PROCESSING

In a bid to encourage processing and packaging of agricultural products and explore their export potential, Gujarat government has taken a decision to set up four agri-export zones (AEZs) in the state. The proposed four agri-export zones will be situated one each in south Gujarat, north Gujarat, Saurashtra, and Kutch regions. While the south Gujarat zone would focus on processing and packaging of mangoes, the north zone would be meant for castor seed. Similarly, the Saurashtra zone would specialise in onions and the Kutch zone would focus on groundnut and sesame seeds.

The aim of taking up this agri-export zone scheme is with a view to safeguarding the economic interests of the farmers by creating a link between them and exporters, which would ensure optimum utilization of the farm produce and also help in tapping their export potential, it added. 

Food processing industry is gung-ho over the complete exemption from excise duty in the Union Budget and has targeted a 15.4-lakh tonnes production of processed fruits and vegetables in the next fiscal.

"In the wake of the sea concessions the food processing industry has got, it has planned to take a slew of measures including low cost packaging material, own retail channels, better technology and trained manpower to achieve a capacity utilisation of 70 percent in 2001-02."

The blueprint had been prepared to increase the annual processing to 15.4 lakh tonnes from the current nine Iakh tonnes, which was only 40 percent of the industry's capacity of processing 22 lakh tonnes. 

Over 50 local food-processing units, many of which are export-oriented, will now have to ready themselves to face the global challenge and match international quality standards in the food-processing sector. The HACCP is a safety assurance system that first originated in the US and was developed for astronauts. As per industry sources the Indian food-processing sector is vital to the country, as it would grow to over Rs 140 billion by 2005. “A precondition for export of fruits and vegetables is the HACCP assurance system."

The Gujarat Government has prepared a comprehensive perspective for agriculture - Agro Vision 2010 - and Gujarat is the first state to prepare such a perspective plan, which also includes schemes to encourage setting up of centers of excellence, incubation and demonstration centres for biotechnology and world class quality control laboratories. 

Agri Export Zones are setup to provide emphasis on partnership, convergence and with a focus on providing a package to facilitate exports and to induce private sector investment.

AEZ entails identification of product, market, and geographically contiguous area. Potato processing projects is to be established in Gujarat, as only Gujarat is found suitable for processing varieties and availability of excellent export and domestic market.

Gujarat's Agro-climatic conditions are especially suitable for non-food grain crops, but accounts for only 3 percent of the country's food grains production. Gujarat has a competitive advantage on Agro products like, tobacco, castor, groundnut, sesame, fennel, cotton, Isabgul, cumin.

Gujarat accounts for 67 percent of the world's castor production, 65 percent of fennel and 36 percent of world Isabgul production. The Indian brands would be in a position to counter the strong foreign competition in the global market from the reputed international brands.

India is one of the major producers of fruits & Vegetables in the world ranking 4th in the world, but contribution in the world Export Market is less than one percent. Main reason for this is lack of preservation, pre-cooling and cold-storage facilities. At present our main requirement is for cold storages and post-harvest management facilities at production centre. It is estimated that India wastes more fruits and vegetables than are consumed in UK. It is also estimated that the cumulative loss on the farm places is worth Rs  23,000 crore, i.e. equal to approximately 40% of the total production of fruits and vegetables.  

The produce saved is produce gained. The VAC (Value Added Centres) is given special incentives. This high level of wastage is largely due to the lack of the basic infrastructure like storage facilities at the farm level and in the chain to the market. The lack of storage facilities, forces the farmer of being not able to negotiate the best rate for his crop since he is reluctant to carry the risk of holding the inventory of these perishable items. To reduce wastage and the value loss the temperature control of fresh produce is a must. The storage is as, trucks used in transportation and the bulk warehouses at the distribution and marketing yards are to be temperature controlled. 

One of the essential aspects in post harvest technology is the concept of pre- cooling, The pre-cooling is the process of rapid cooling of the produce just above it highest freezing point, immediately after harvesting for this the equipment called pre-cooling using forced draft air cooling is used as well as wet high humidity cooler are also used.

Typically for the storage of the agricultural produce it is imperative that it is decided about its period of storage prior to storage, because the most of the agricultural produce can be stored for a short period of time in a common warehouse at 00C or so with the high humidity. But if it is required that the agricultural produce be stored for a long term, then the technology involved is advanced and intricate. Generally for the long-term storage, the parameters to be controlled are as per the physiological demands of the produce. They are temperature, humidity, geologically supportive gas connection, metabolically emergent gas concentration and the other physical aspects and the attributes like size & degree of growth and the ripeness, injuries, etc. such food processing units are considered under the VAC (Value Added Centres) where they are given special incentives.

 

COLD STORAGE FACILITY AT PIRAM ISLAND

 Piram Island is an ideal place for setting up a cold storage facility in Gujarat due to its location, climate, energy and investment advantages.

 Location Advantage:

Its proximity to Ghogha, Bhavnagar, Ahmedabad, Dahej and Mumbai facilitates economic transport of goods between producing and consuming centers.

 Climatic advantage:

The sea-churned daily by the fast tidal currents and surrounding this small island provides a stable and low temperature thermal sink for highly efficient and low cost air-conditioning as well as cold storage plants.

 Renewable energy advantage:

Winds over obstruction free landscape, some of the fastest tidal currents in the world, sun shining through dust free sky provided opportunities to exploit wind, tidal, solar thermal and solar photovoltaic power on a sustainable basis.

 Investment advantage:

Government incentives can be enjoyed on account of coastal area development, wasteland development, renewable energy development, and preservation of perishable agro and marine products. Other opportunities also exist for supplementary and complementary project like eco-tourism, green house culture, marine aquarium that enjoys the above cited location specific advantages

 

Autonomous cheap and non-conventional energy potential

Piram is the ideal place for the sourcing of non-conventional energies from the sea, wind, solar and biomass gasification.

Energy from the sea: The flow of water at the time of tide and ebb generates water current, which is the fastest in Asia, and in the world it is ranked at number two. It is like a river in spate, which reverses itself every six hours. Being part of the gulf system, the tides and ebbs at the coast of Piram are really remarkable, rising and falling by as much as 38 feet in just 6 hours which is the highest in Asia and second in the world. This is a mare natural feature in this region and makes it an exciting phenomenon.

 During high and low tide the average speed of water current ranges from 4 knots to 8 knots and on the Western side during the highest tide a speed of about 10 knots. Piram is the most ideal place for producing tidal energy because of its fast currents. Since tide levels ere accurately predetermined, it is the most reliable amongst all the non-conventional sources of energy.

The government of India has identified Gulf of Kutch and Gulf of Khambhat being the most potential sites to harness tidal energy. Cyclonic storms accompanied with tidal waves may turn into boons in disguise in the years to come. India being surrounded by sea on three sides possesses an immense potential to harness energy. The maximum tidal range at the Gulf of Khambhat is more than 12 metres.

Ironically if carefully manipulated India's identified economic tidal power potential is of the order of 8,000-9,000 MW With about 7,000 MW in the Gulf of Khambhat, 1.200 MW in the Gulf of Kutch and less than 100 MW in Sunderbans.

Tides as known, are generated through a combination of forces exerted by the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon augmented with the rotation of the earth. The relative motion produces different tidal cycles, which affect their range. Local effects such as shelving, funneling, reflection and resonance can increase this range substantially. Energy can be extracted from tides by the creation of a reservoir or 'basin' behind a barrage and then passing tidal waves through turbines in the barrage to generate electricity.

One device, the "Nodding Duck" invented by Stephen Salter at the University of Edinburgh, can produce power by bobbing up and down with the waves for a total of 2-6 p/k who Efficient new design was technological break-through had reduced the average cost of wave power which is now ten times tower then it was in 1982. Wave energy is already economically competitive in niche market.

Alexander Gaylor has developed a turbine used for generating hydro- electricity. This turbine measuring 40 inches by 8 feet 9 inches does not need a dam or any construction: it can be anchored at a place where there is a fast current either a sea-current or a river-current for electricity to be generated directly. Today there are ships designed with special reversible turbines that generate electricity during tide or ebb conditions.

 

Helicon Turbine 

If such a 'ship mounted turbine' was to be anchored at the channel called 'Nori' near Piram Island where there is the fastest current of Asia, electricity would be provided not only to Piram but would be sufficient even for the whole of Bhavnagar district. Estimate indicates that the annual wave energy potential along the Indian coast is between 5 kW to 15 kW per meter. Theoretically, the potential translate into 60,000 MW for nearly 6,000 km. The inventors six available devices for harnessing wave energy, based in Scotland. Sweden, Ireland and Korea were forced to find alternative funding from industry and the European Commission to develop their technologies. Three of the six devices have been improved to the extent that they can generate electricity for under six pence per kilowatt/hour - the coast below which energy production becomes competitive.

Ocean Thermal Conversion Equipment: Between the surface of the ocean and the depth of the ocean and at a depth of 10-20 metres there is a great difference in water. This difference in temperature in water can be converted into electricity. This is known as O.T.C.E. in other words Ocean Thermal Conversion Equipment. There is a channel called ‘Nori’ which is hardly 500 metres on the south of Piram Island. The average depth of that channel is 84 metres and highest depth is about 104 metres from the mean sea level.

Near a place called Shekhpuram, in Tamil Nadu experts have developed a unit producing 1 mega watt, which works on liquid Ammonia. Tamil Nadu government has also collaborated with a US Co. Sea Solar under the O. T. C. E. method. In the next 50 years non- renewable energy sources will deplete at that time non-conventional energy will be our only answer, so it is vice to be prepared. 'The sea continues to remain an untapped source of energy; the power for tomorrow’s world will undoubtedly be hydrogen.

It was visionary Jules Verne who had predicted way back in 1874; that the world's energy infrastructure would eventually be based upon Hydrogen. A character in his book, The Mysterious Island, when asked what men will burn when coal and other fuels are exhausted replied, "I believe that water will one day be employed as a fuel, that hydrogen and oxygen which constitute it, used singularly or together will furnish an inexhaustible source of heat and light, of an intensity of which coal is not capable. Energy from the sea is now so cheap that no government can afford to ignore it.

Wind Energy: World Watch Institute has declared India as "Wind Super Power." The winds over the sea near Piram blow without any hindrance and do not have any obstacles. Thus good wind velocity throughout the year is available for tapping the wind energy.

With rapid industrial growth and depleting fossil fuel based conventional power sources, Wind Energy is receiving worldwide attention as a truly effective means of pollution-free power generation. Wind Energy is now an economically lucrative proposition with the promise of offering rich returns within short timeframes. The Government of India has undertaken the largest wind power survey in the world. The estimated wind energy potential in country is 20,000 MW. In Gujarat alone, it is estimated about 5000 MW. With the longest coastline, 17 potential windy sites have been already identified by Gujarat states nodal agency-Gujarat Energy Development Agency (GEDA).

Solar Energy: Clear sunshine hours in and around Piram Island region throughout the year is among the highest in the country.

About 43.1 million mega watts electricity almost 500 times the present capacity can be generated in India from solar rays by applying new technologies according to a scientist.

India needs power from solar energy on a macro scale it has an area of 3,45,00,000 hectares available for setting up solar energy plants, which could generate a minimum of 43.1 MW power.

Studies by the Central Arid Zone Research Institute indicate that due to favourable geographical location India has potential for solar power. The data show that on an average, the amount of solar energy that reaches per square cm. of Indian cities varies between 450 to 550 calories, which is a considerable amount to generate solar power. A technology developed by American research agencies exploits unique sun sensors and microprocessors to focus sunlight on specially coated steel pipes. The pipes use a special fluid to transfer heat to a heat exchanger producing super heated steam required for turbines.

Biomass Gasification: 

Around Piram Island lot of salt-water mangroves exists. These do not require any special cultivation but grow wild and can be cultivated during the low tide (ebb) when the area around the beach has no water. These mangroves do not require any attention once they develop since they thrive in salt water. They are extremely useful for biomass gasification; due to a very high caloric value thus they are easily combustible.

However, if the generating plants have backup sources like wind power, tidal power, biomass gasification power, ocean thermal conversion equipment etc. the operational cost can be reduced because the plant can be operated during night also.

Where next

If in Mumbai 

Dr Arun Bapat

[The Week, Jan 9 2005]

Indian’s western coast experienced a tsunami after an earthquake in the Arabian Sea of 8.25 magnitude on November 27, 1945. The wave was 12 metres high at Kandla and 1.5 m in Mumbai. In Karwar and Mangalore it had dwarfed to 20 cm. The tide at the time of tsunami is significant in determining its height. The wave on the Tamilnadu coast was about 12 metres high. It hit between 9.30 a. m. and 10.45 a.m., close to high tide and it was full moon day. Had it hit four hours before or after high tide, the damage would have been less. 

The geophysical conditions that determine the vulnerability of an area are: 

1.   Potential to produce tsunamigenic earthquakes.

2.   The distance between the seismic region and the coast is at least 500 km.

3. There is only water between the epicenter and the coast. 

I scanned the Catalogue of Earthquakes in India to identify areas that fulfill these conditions. One is south of Karachi where the 1945 earthquake that caused a 1.5 metres high wave in Mumbai originated. It could be 50 per cent higher at high tide. Another area is the junction of the Indian, African and Arabian plates near Socotra Island. On March 31, 1954, an earthquake here of 7.2 magnitudes resulted in a ‘high tide’. The third is the underwater Carisberg Ridge in northern Indian Ocean, which has no record of tsunami. 

So the two regions have the potential to produce a maximum 3 metres high tsunami in Mumbai. At high tide, it could be 30 to 50 cm higher. These observations are applicable to the entire west coast.

   (Arun Bapat is a Pune-based seismologist)